To exploit the value of granular textual or multimedia content, publishers often encounter the problem of versioning and rights. Again, metadata can make it work.
Metadata can be distinguished into descriptive, business, administrative and structural metadata relating to the objects in a digital library. Descriptive metadata are classifications by subject, keywords, etc. Administrative metadata records, for example, when a document was created or revised, by whom and for what purpose; it also includes elements such as source metadata and rights metadata. Structural metadata records the structure of the document in question and how it fits into a larger structure. And there is more. Link metadata records all the resources to which the document or publication is linked. Behavioral metadata records things like interactivity, which with EPUB3 are becoming more and more common.
Metadata standardization for the publishing industry is largely done with the ONIX standard, which is an international standard for representing and communicating information about book industry products in electronic format. It is an XML-based standard for metadata that provides a consistent way for publishers, booksellers and their business chain partners to communicate a wide range of information about their products. It is expressly designed for worldwide use and is not limited to any one language. It is widely used throughout the physical and electronic book chain in North America, Europe and Australasia, and is increasingly being adopted in the Asia-Pacific region and South America.
ONIX is not itself a database, nor is it even a design for a database, but a way of communicating data between databases. Other organizations provide off-the-shelf software or web-based applications for product management that implement ONIX messaging.
Experience has shown that ONIX brings two important benefits. First, because it is a communication format, it makes it possible to deliver product information to the entire retail trade chain in a standard and consistent manner. This greatly reduces support costs, as publishers no longer need to provide data in so many unique formats. In many cases, a single data feed can be tailored to all of a publisher’s supply chain partners. And by providing a template for the content and structure of a product card, ONIX has helped stimulate the introduction of better in-house information systems capable of bringing together all the metadata needed for the description and promotion of new and backlist titles. The same basic ONIX data can also be used to produce advance information sheets, catalogs and other promotional material, to feed publishers’ websites, and to meet the needs of the commercial chain in general.
ONIX provides more efficient and faster loading of up-to-date product information into internal or customer systems, with less need for manual intervention and much less risk of error. It reduces the need to deal with multiple proprietary data formats and therefore support costs. In addition, by enabling third parties, such as data aggregator trade associations, to develop data quality and timeliness metrics, it fosters the overall improvement of data available throughout the supply chain.
Experience also shows that ONIX implementation tends to go hand-in-hand with an increased focus on the business value of metadata as a driver of discoverability.
Maintaining good rights metadata – and updating it regularly – is essential in our multi-channel, multi-product digital world. If you know which author wrote which part of a textbook (ideally, with good IDs, including authors’ ISNIs), you can much more easily manage rights tracking, especially when you sell that content in a granular way, or cut it up for new products. Otherwise, rights tracking is often such a burden that you never find the time to deal with it and it doesn’t pay off. In the same vein, it is necessary to know what rights you have on a given image.
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PBN sites
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Brands that manufacture chronometer watches
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Accreditation and its Rigorous Criteria
COSC, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that verifies the accuracy and accuracy of wristwatches. COSC validation is a sign of superior craftsmanship and reliability in chronometry. Not all timepiece brands pursue COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its proprietary demanding criteria with mechanisms like the UNICO, achieving equivalent accuracy.
The Art of Precision Chronometry
The central mechanism of a mechanized watch involves the spring, which provides power as it unwinds. This mechanism, however, can be prone to external factors that may affect its accuracy. COSC-validated movements undergo strict testing—over 15 days in various circumstances (5 positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests assess:
Mean daily rate precision between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, peak variation rates, and impacts of thermal variations.
Why COSC Certification Matters
For watch fans and connoisseurs, a COSC-certified watch isn’t just a item of technology but a testament to enduring quality and accuracy. It represents a watch that:
Provides excellent reliability and accuracy.
Provides guarantee of superiority across the whole construction of the timepiece.
Is probable to maintain its worth more effectively, making it a sound choice.
Popular Timepiece Manufacturers
Several renowned brands prioritize COSC accreditation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, presents collections like the Record and Spirit, which feature COSC-certified movements equipped with cutting-edge substances like silicon balance springs to boost resilience and efficiency.
Historical Background and the Evolution of Chronometers
The concept of the timepiece dates back to the requirement for precise timekeeping for navigational at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth cent. Since the formal foundation of COSC in 1973, the certification has become a standard for evaluating the accuracy of high-end timepieces, sustaining a legacy of superiority in watchmaking.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated timepiece is more than an visual selection; it’s a commitment to quality and accuracy. For those appreciating accuracy above all, the COSC accreditation provides peace of mind, guaranteeing that each validated watch will operate dependably under various circumstances. Whether for personal satisfaction or as an investment, COSC-validated watches distinguish themselves in the world of watchmaking, maintaining on a tradition of meticulous chronometry.
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Nihai Dönemsel En Büyük Popüler Bahis Platformu: Casibom
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Casibom’un güvenilir bir bahis platformu olması da önemlidir bir fayda sunuyor. Ruhsatlı bir platform olan Casibom, duraksız bir şekilde eğlence ve kazanç elde etme imkanı sağlar.
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